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高考英语主语从句的写作需要掌握以下要点:
一、基本结构
主语从句的基本结构为: 关联词 + 简单句
关联词是主语从句的引导词,根据句意选择不同类型;
简单句作为从句的核心部分,需保持语法正确。
二、常用引导词分类
- that:
无实际意义,可省略
- whether:表示“是否”,常与or not连用
- if:较少见,多用于非正式语境
- what:
引导名词性从句,表示“所……的”(如:What we need is money.)
- whoever/whom:指代人
- whose:表示所属关系
- which:有选择范围
- when:
表示时间(如:When the meeting started, everyone was already there.)
- where:表示地点(如:Where the village is located is unknown.)
- why:表示原因(如:Why the project failed is still a mystery.)
- how:表示方式(如:How to solve the problem is the main issue.)
三、注意事项
主语从句的时态不受主句影响,根据语境选择时态
例:
- 现在时:What he says is true.
- 过去时:What we did yesterday was amazing.
- 将来时:What the company will do remains to be seen.
形式主语结构
为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语,将真正主语(从句)置于句尾
例:
- It is obvious that he is the right person for the job.
- It is necessary that we study harder.
特殊句式
- 强调句型:
It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其余部分
例:It was what she said that convinced everyone.
- 名词性从句作宾语:
例:The problem is whether we can finish the task on time.
四、典型错误规避
避免混淆that和if:that可省略,if需用whether
确保从句结构完整,避免成分残缺
注意时态一致,避免主从句时态矛盾
通过以上要点和练习,可有效提升主语从句的写作能力。建议结合真题进行专项训练,注意分析长难句结构。