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高考英语对主语的考查主要围绕复杂主语的识别与分析,具体体现在以下几个方面:
一、复杂主语的识别
当主语为动名词短语时,需通过分析动词与名词的关系确定中心词。例如:
- *Swimming is my favorite sport.*(Swimming是动名词短语作主语)
- *Reading books improves memory.*(Reading是动名词短语作主语)
动词不定式短语作主语
动词不定式短语作主语时,通常遵循“to+动词原形”结构,中心词为动词原形。例如:
- *To learn a new language is challenging.*(To learn是动词不定式短语作主语)
带有修饰语的名词短语作主语
当名词短语带有较长修饰语时,需理清修饰关系以确定主语。例如:
- *The students who passed the exam are celebrating.*(who passed the exam是后置定语从句修饰The students)
二、主语与谓语的一致性
主谓一致规则:
单数主语(如第三人称单数名词)+单数谓语(如has/have)
复数主语(如students)+复数谓语(如have)
部分分词短语作主语时,谓语用单数(如The problem remains)
三、特殊结构中的主语
用that、if等引导,需在句首或句中。例如:
- *It is obvious that he will finish the task.*(that从句作主语)
- *What the movie taught us was invaluable.*(What引导主语从句)
名词性从句
包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等,需注意引导词和句子结构。例如:
- *He said what surprised everyone.*(what引导宾语从句作said的宾语)
无灵主语
通过无生命主语(如weather、time)表达情感或客观事实,避免头重脚轻。例如:
- *The weather makes me feel cheerful.*(The weather is the silent speaker)
四、易错点辨析
enough的位置:
修饰形容词/副词时置于句首或句尾,修饰名词时置于名词前。例如:
*Brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.*(正确)
*Students enough brave to take this adventure course...*(错误)
省略主语:上下文已明确主语时,可省略。例如:
*He likes reading, and she likes...*(隐含主语they)
五、典型题目解析
语法填空:
*The student completed this experiment to make __________ Professor Joseph had said.*
答案:what(引导名词性从句,作make的宾语)
短文改错:
*Swimming is my favorite sport, and running is my second favorite.*
修改:Swimming is my favorite sport, and running is my second favorite one.(running后加one补全)
总结
高考英语主语考查注重对句子结构的分析能力,要求考生能快速识别复杂主语并判断谓语形式。建议通过大量练习巩固主谓一致规则,同时注意特殊句型(如名词性从句)的用法。