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关于“灭亡”的英文翻译,综合权威词典和语料库的释义,主要表达方式如下:
一、核心翻译词汇
强调因自然原因或时间流逝而消失,如:
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The ancient city perished in the volcanic eruption.(这座古城在火山爆发中毁灭了)
extinct
用于描述物种或事物完全消失,如:
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The dodo bird is now extinct.(渡渡鸟现已灭绝)
die out
表示逐渐消失或被征服,如:
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The use of the typewriter has almost died out.(打字机的使用已基本消失)
二、短语表达
be doomed to perish:
注定要灭亡
例:The empire was doomed to perish due to internal strife.(由于内部分裂,这个帝国注定要灭亡)
meet inevitable extinction:遭到不可避免的灭亡
例:The species is on the brink of meeting inevitable extinction.(该物种面临灭绝的必然命运)
be on the brink of ruin:濒临毁灭
例:The company is on the brink of ruin due to financial troubles.(公司因财务问题濒临破产)
三、用法注意事项
动词选择需结合语境:
perish/die out侧重自然消亡或群体性消失;
extinct专指物种灭绝;
be doomed to perish强调宿命性结局
避免混淆:
draw ruin upon oneself指自我毁灭,如:
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His reckless behavior drew ruin upon himself.(他鲁莽的行为自食恶果)
on the brink of ruin仅表示接近毁灭,未达灭亡程度
建议根据具体语境选择合适词汇,例如:
描述物种消失:The species is on the verge of extinction.
描述文明崩溃:The empire met its inevitable demise.
描述企业破产:The company is doomed to perish.